Yep, you sure like to rant, but hey, that's cool. At least you described your situation clearly and in easy to read sentences. Nothing worse than reading posts that aren't proofread.
Ok... where to start. The grammar! Really, you do not need to know the complexities of linguistics, reflexives, irregular verbs and so on. With ESL teaching, the focus is on communication. If something sounds wrong, then you will know and can advise the students accordingly. Unless you plan to teach in a University or even English to native English speakers, then a deep and thorough understanding of English grammar and use is not required.
A TEFL course of some sort would be great seeing you have no previous classroom teaching experience. In your resume, do highlight the fact that you have taught fellow colleagues in the office.
Don't fret too much as schools who hire first time teachers, do tend to train them somewhat before. But don't expect too much training though. Most likely you will just have the opportunity to sit in a few classes with existing teachers to observe.
As to Government / Private Research centres, this is possible and there is quite a bit of this type of work around. It would most likely be part-time teaching though where you go to the different company classes in the evenings.
- 1st step would be to get yourself a TEFL certificate.
- 2nd step to choose the country you want to teach in.
- 3rd step, apply for teaching jobs in that country.
Hope this info helps and good luck!